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The desirability of being able to vary the valve opening duration to match an engine’s
rotational speed first became apparent in the 1920s when maximum allowable RPM limits were generally starting to rise. Until about this time an engine’s idle RPM and its operating RPM were very similar, meaning that there was little need for variable valve duration. It was in the 1920s that the first
patents for variable duration valve opening started appearing – for example United States patent
U.S. Patent 1,527,456.
In 1958
Porsche made application for a German Patent, also applied for and published as British Patent GB861369 in 1959. The Porsche patent used an oscillating cam to increase the valve lift and duration. The
desmodromic cam driven via a push/pull rod from an eccentric shaft or
swashplate. It is unknown if any working prototype was ever made.
Fiat was the first auto manufacturer to patent a functional automotive variable valve timing system which included variable lift. Developed by Giovanni Torazza in the late 1960s, the system used hydraulic pressure to vary the fulcrum of the cam followers (US Patent 3,641,988).
[5] The hydraulic pressure changed according to engine speed and intake pressure. The typical opening variation was 37%.
Alfa Romeo was the first manufacturer to use a variable valve timing system in production cars (US Patent 4,231,330).
[6] The fuel injected models of the 1980
Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 had a mechanical VVT system. The system was engineered by Ing Giampaolo Garcea in the 1970s.
[7]
In 1987
Nissan debuted their electronic variable valve timing technology called
NVCS in their DOHC
VG20DET and
VG30DE engines. In 1989,
Honda released the
VTEC system.
[8] While the earlier
Nissan NVCS alters the phasing of the camshaft, VTEC switches to a separate cam profile at high engine speeds to improve peak power. The first VTEC engine Honda produced was the
B16A which was installed in the
Integra,
CRX, and
Civic hatchback available in Japan and Europe.[
citation needed]
In 1992, Porsche first introduced
VarioCam, which was the first system to provide continuous adjustment (all previous systems used discrete adjustment). The system was released in the
Porsche 968 and operated on the intake valves only.